Elevation Angle Characterization for LEO Satellites: First and Second Order Statistics

The elevation angle θ is relevant for the Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications since it always changing its relative position with respect to fixed stations (ES’s), and this affects link length received power, PR. This article provides a new methodology compute probability density function (PDF) cumulative distribution (CDF) of angle, θ, diverse ES locations. requires as input parameters an latitude, ϕ, inclination value, i, altitude, h. characterized through well known random variable, which facilitates computation first second-order statistics, helps determine expected value measures dispersion particular location. proposed allows easy quick calculation angle’s CDF, facilitating comparisons against CDF’s more ES’s located at different latitudes, longitudes, λ; produced by orbits. Extensive simulation results are summarized in small table, CDF PDF multiple locations without requiring simulations statistical fitting. Finally, validated extensive error analysis that show suitability obtained characterize angle.